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Temple Grandin, Ph.D., is a gifted animal scientist who has

designed one third of all the livestock-handling facilities in the

United States. She also lectures widely on autism—because Temple

Grandin is autistic, a woman who thinks, feels, and experiences the

world in ways that are incomprehensible to the rest of us.

In this unprecedented book, Grandin delivers a report from the

country of autism. Writing from the dual perspectives of a

scientist and an autistic person, she tells us how that country is

experienced by its inhabitants and how she managed to breach its

boundaries to function in the outside world. What emerges in

Thinking in Pictures is the document of an extraordinary

human being, one who, in gracefully and lucidly bridging the gulf

between her condition and our own, sheds light on the riddle of our

common identity.

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Temple Grandin has a Ph.D. in animal science from the University

of Illinois, and has designed one third of all the

livestock-handling facilities in the United States, and many in

other countries. She is currently an associate professor of animal

sciences at Colorado State University and a frequent lecturer at

autism meetings throughout the country. She lives in Fort Collins,

Colorado.

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= 我用潛意識思考 =

人和動物的思考本都來自原始知覺，只不過大多數人的這個能力被語言蒙蔽了，感覺性的思考於是成了他們的潛意識。而我的思考運用的正是腦部那些處理原始感覺的潛意識區。閱讀過很多探討不同類型記憶的科學文獻後，我發現意識記憶和潛意識記憶各有不同的名稱，端看你研讀的是哪一套心理學。長期記憶有兩種，但它們很可能是同樣的東西，不管你怎麼稱呼它們。下表列出了五對區別意識與潛意識記憶的名稱，名稱雖不同，但意義是相同的。

* 意識記憶 - 潛意識記憶

* 語文記憶 - 感覺性記憶（視覺、運動神經、聽覺等等）

* 明確的記憶 - 隱晦的記憶

* 陳述式記憶 - 程序式記憶

* 較易遺忘 - 不易遺忘

因為我的思考用的是潛意識，所以不會有壓抑的情形，也不可能有否認的狀況。我的「搜尋引擎」能夠自由進出整個詳實的知覺記憶庫。

我的記憶並不是自發的，必須按下「儲存」鍵，才能將一件事儲存到我的資料庫裏。我不在意的事物，例如飯店房間的裝潢，我不會記得，除非那個地方真的很獨特。要按下「儲存」鍵，我必須在自覺或強烈的情緒下操作。將情緒連結到我的「儲存」鍵的腦迴路是完好的，可是當我在很不愉快的陳舊記憶中情尋時，我卻能夠不帶有絲毫情緒。譬如說，有一次我遭到解雇，並且為了這件事哭了兩天，至今我仍能感受當時的情緒，卻還是能不帶任何情緒地到「被解雇」這個資料庫裏提取這則記憶。直到很久以後我才知道，正常的人大都無法不帶情緒地打開腦子裏的一個「不愉快經驗檔」。

自閉症患者異常的面孔辨識力，是數以百計的科學論文研究的題材，結論是自閉症患者的杏仁核（情緒中樞）異於常人，他們在辨識面孔時使用的腦迴路也不同。無法認出一個已經見過五次面的人的尷尬場面，我至今仍會碰到。我認得出相處過很長時間的人，一個人的五官如果有很獨特的地方，例如巨大的鼻子，我會也認得出。這類面孔辨識和眼睛訊號的研究，數量遠遠超過自閉症患者的思考和感知力的研究。一般人都比較喜歡研究情感，而不願探究感覺問題或特異能力。我希望科學家能多重視感覺問題，因為，嚴重的感覺過於敏感的問題，是自閉光譜一許多人無法正常生活的原因。最悲慘的是那些感覺問題嚴重到無法忍受餐廳或辦公室的人。如果連電影院、球賽或熱鬧的街道出現的一般噪音都能刺痛你的耳朵，你怎能跟人交往？

我的思考模式总是从细节开始，然后以一种联想而非顺序的方式进行概括。就好像拼图完成了三分之一，当我要努力弄明白这幅拼图到底是什么的时候，就会通过扫描视频图书馆来填充那些缺失的碎片。那些能够进行大量心算的中国数学家，也是采用的同样方式。刚开始，他们需要一个算盘，也就是中国式的计算机。算盘其实就是一个在矩形框架里排列着等数目的算珠组合，通过移动算珠的位置进行计算。当数学家打算盘的技术炉火纯青时，只需要在想象中完成拨打算盘的动作，根本不需要真正的实物算盘。算珠会在他想象出来的那个视频算盘上来回移动。

既然孤独症谱系人士的大脑很特殊，因此，需要将更多的教育重点放在发展其长项上，而不是一味地与他们的缺陷较劲。

拥有更多的知识，使我表现得更正常。

为了拥有温柔的情感，一个人必须先体验到轻柔的身体抚慰。

编辑推荐

“I hardly know what to say about this remarkable book. . . It

provides a way to understand the many kinds of sentience, human and

animal, that adorn the earth.” –Elizabeth Marshall Thomas, author

of The Hidden Life of Dogs

"There are innumerable astounding facets to this remarkable book. .

. . Displaying uncanny powers of observation . . . [Temple Grandin]

charts the differences between her life and the lives of those who

think in words." –The Philadelphia Inquirer

“A uniquely fascinating view not just of autism but of animal–and

human–thinking and feeling, [providing] insights that can only be

called wisdom.”

–Deborah Tannen, author of You Just Don’t Understand

书籍介绍

Temple Grandin, Ph.D., is a gifted animal scientist who has designed one third of all the livestock-handling facilities in the United States. She also lectures widely on autism—because Temple Grandin is autistic, a woman who thinks, feels, and experiences the world in ways that are incomprehensible to the rest of us.

In this unprecedented book, Grandin delivers a report from the country of autism. Writing from the dual perspectives of a scientist and an autistic person, she tells us how that country is experienced by its inhabitants and how she managed to breach its boundaries to function in the outside world. What emerges in Thinking in Pictures is the document of an extraordinary human being, one who, in gracefully and lucidly bridging the gulf between her condition and our own, sheds light on the riddle of our common identity.